WWII British bomber
In October 1931, the British Air Ministry began preparing specifications for a new bomber to replace obsolete biplanes. Specification B.9/32 was created in August 1932, with several manufacturers competing. Handley Page’s HP.52 was selected, with its prototype completed in spring 1936. In June, it flew successfully, reaching 426 km/h and carrying over 1,800 kg of bombs. It was shown to King Edward VIII in July. On October 4, 1937, the Air Ministry approved the HP.52 Hampden B.Mk.I (named after 17th-century defender John Hampden).
Production began in spring 1938, with aircraft entering service by autumn. By July 1940, Handley Page produced 500 units. English Electric joined production in February 1940, building 770 more by March 1942. Canadian production followed. From the start of WWII, the HP.52 Hampden was actively used against Germany, conducting ground attacks, bombing raids, ship attacks, and mine-laying. It served with Bomber Command until autumn 1942, then transferred to Coastal Command from spring 1942, where many became torpedo bombers.